ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hand injuries among registered population in Jiading District of Shanghai, so as to provide evidence for scientific prevention and control. Methods Anting town, Huangdu town and Huating town were selected for investigation.Incidence of hand injuries among registered population was investigated by questionnaires. Results A total of 10 083 registered population was included in the study, with the average age being 57.1 ± 10.4 years old.Of them, 4 039 were male and 6 044 were female, 92.2% were married and 7.8% had college degree or above.The 26.8% of the subjects smoked at least one cigarette per day for more than six months, 13.1% drank at least three times per week for more than six months, and 43.7% exercised at least 10 minutes per week.The 37.9% had hypertension, 8.6% had diabetes, and 14.5% had hyperlipidemia.The incidence of hand injuries was 2.1%, of which 61.8% occurred at home and workplaces.Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension was the risk factor and smoking was the protective factor associated with hand injuries. Conclusion The incidence of hand injuries is low in Jiading District.Household hand injuries may be crucial for prevention; in addition, patients with hypertension might be a key population for prevention.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>DNA hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (LINEs-1) occurs during carcinogenesis, whereas information addressing LINE-1 methylation in Wilms tumor (WT) is limited. The main purpose of our study was to quantify LINE-1 methylation levels and evaluate their relationship with relative telomere length (TL) in WT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We investigated LINE-1 methylation and relative TL using bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR, respectively, in 20 WT tissues, 10 normal kidney tissues and a WT cell line. Significant changes were analyzed by t-tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LINE-1 methylation levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and relative TLs were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in WT compared with normal kidney. There was a significant positive relationship between LINE-1 methylation and relative TL in WT (r = 0.671, P = 0.001). LINE-1 Methylation levels were significantly associated with global DNA methylation (r = 0.332, P < 0.01). In addition, relative TL was shortened and LINE-1 methylation was decreased in a WT cell line treated with the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine compared with untreated WT cell line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that LINE-1 hypomethylation is common and may be linked to telomere shortening in WT.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Methylation , Genetics , Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Telomere , Genetics , Wilms Tumor , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the normal occlusal force distribution and the characteristics of the occlusion time at different occlusion position using T-Scan III occlusal analysis system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three volunteers with normal occlusion, including 29 males and 24 females, were included in this study. The average age was (25.9 ± 2.1) years old. T-Scan III occlusal analysis system was used to measure the occlusal force distribution and the time character of normal occlusion at intercuspal position, protrusive position, and lateral excursive position.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At intercuspal position the left and right side molar teeth took the most part of force percentage, followed by (13.3 ± 4.3)%, (13.6 ± 5.4)%, (15.7 ± 7.1)%, (18.7 ± 7.5)% (6, 6, 7, 7); and 7654, 4567 took (61.3 ± 12.4)% force percentage; and the left and right sides took the respective percentages of (46.4 ± 7.0)%, (53.6 ± 7.0)%, the left side was significantly less than the right side(P < 0.05). At the protrusion position the region ( 21, 12) commitment to take the percentage of (85.1 ± 25.5)%. At left and right lateral position, 28% (13/46) and 30%(14/46) were cuspid-protected occlusion, and 33%(15/46) and 44%(20/46) were group functional occlusion, and 39%(18/46) and 26%(12/46) were multiple-protected occlusion. The average occlusion time was (0.34 ± 0.11) s, and disclusion time was (1.00 ± 0.39) s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>At intercuspal position the region from first premolar to second molar teeth were the occlusal force centers, and the second molar is the most;.the force concentrated in the area ( 21, 12) at the protrusion position. The lateral occlusal pattern is multiformity.</p>